What do you need to know about storing batteries?
Storing lithium-ion batteries and other types of battery systems involves significant risks. The Dutch guideline PGS 37-2 helps companies manage these hazardous substances safely. For installers of home battery systems and other energy storage solutions, understanding this guideline is crucial.
What is PGS 37-2 and Who Is It For?
PGS 37-2 stands for Publication Series for Hazardous Substances part 37-2. It describes how to safely store lithium-based energy carriers. The aim is to reduce risks such as fire, explosion, and the release of toxic smoke. While PGS 37-2 is not yet legally embedded in the Dutch Environmental Law (BAL), it is already considered best available technique (BAT).
If your company stores more than 333 kg of lithium-based energy carriers, compliance is mandatory. This includes distribution centres, logistics hubs, battery storage facilities, and charging points for electric vehicles or e-bikes. Both short-term and long-term storage fall under this guideline.
Which Batteries Are Covered by PGS 37-2?
PGS 37-2 applies to all types of lithium batteries, including lithium-ion, lithium-metal, and lithium-polymer batteries. These are commonly found in electric bicycles, scooters, power tools, cars, and home energy storage systems. The regulation applies to full, empty, and damaged batteries. In every case, proper fire safety measures must be taken.
Why Is This Guideline Necessary?
Lithium batteries pose serious risks when damaged, overcharged, or affected by technical faults. A common and dangerous phenomenon is thermal runaway, where a battery overheats and catches fire. These fires are difficult to extinguish and often release toxic smoke. Without proper battery storage, there’s danger to staff, emergency responders, and nearby residents.
PGS 37-2 addresses these risks by focusing on prevention, early detection, and containment.
Key Safety Measures for Energy Storage
PGS 37-2 outlines both organisational and technical safety requirements. On the organisational side, this includes thorough checks upon intake, routine inspections during storage, and clear emergency procedures. Charging batteries must take place in designated, well-equipped areas. Staff training is essential, and an up-to-date Risk Inventory and Evaluation (RI&E) is mandatory.
Technically, battery storage must occur in fire-resistant compartments with smoke and gas extraction. Detection systems—such as smoke and heat detectors—are required, and in many cases, fire suppression systems (e.g. CO₂ or water mist) are necessary. Charging points must continuously monitor battery temperature and charging status, and must never be located in escape routes. Faulty batteries should be isolated and disposed of immediately.
Battery storage is also legally regulated under the Dutch Activities Decree and, soon, the Environmental and Planning Act. Depending on the volume stored, companies may be required to file a notification or obtain a permit. Transport of accumulators must comply with ADR regulations.
Storing lithium-ion batteries, home battery systems, and solar energy storage units safely requires clear guidelines and strict implementation. PGS 37-2 provides a practical framework for installers and businesses to manage energy storage systems in a safe, compliant, and fire-proof manner. You can access the full (Dutch) guideline at: PGS 37-2:2023 versie 1.0 (DECEMBER 2023)Opens in a new tab.